Nuijahomeet
Nuijahomeet[2][3] (Aspergillus) on homesieniin kuuluva sienisuku. Nuijahomeiden sukuun kuuluu yli 200 lajia, joista esimerkiksi Aspergillus fumigatus- ja Aspergillus ochraceus -lajeja saatetaan tavata kosteusvaurioituneista rakennuksista. Aspergillus oryzae -lajia puolestaan käytetään Japanissa ruoanvalmistuksessa. Erilaisia nuijahomeiden sekundaarimetaboliitteja tunnetaan yli 360 kpl.[4][5] Aspergillus flavus tuottaa muun muassa aflatoksiineja, joista aflatoksiini B1 on voimakkain tunnettu rotalle syöpää aiheuttava aine ja aiheuttaa myös ihmiselle maksasyöpää etenkin Afrikassa.[6] Aspergillus clavatus ja Aspergillus versicolor tuottavat suuria pitoisuuksia sterigmatokystiinia (C18H12O6), joka on aflatoksiinin sukuinen myrkky, mutta sen myrkyllisyys on aflatoksiinia vähäisempää. Aspergillus ochraceus tuottaa okratoksiini A -homemyrkkyä.
| Nuijahomeet | |
|---|---|
 Aspergillus flavus |
|
| Tieteellinen luokittelu | |
| Domeeni: | Aitotumaiset Eucarya |
| Kunta: | Sienet Fungi |
| Kaari: | Kotelosienet Ascomycota |
| Luokka: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Lahko: | Eurotiales |
| Heimo: | Trichomaceae |
| Suku: |
Nuijahomeet Aspergillus P. Micheli ex Link[1] |
| Katso myös | |
Bioteknisesti voidaan rihmamaisilla Aspergillus itaconicus- ja Aspergillus terreus -sienillä tuottaa kaupallisessa mittakaavassa itakonihappoa hiilihydraateista, kuten sakkaroosista, glukoosista ja ksyloosista.
Katso myös
muokkaaLähteet
muokkaa- ↑ Taksonomian lähde: Index Fungorum Luettu 24.4.2009
- ↑ Vuokko, Seppo (toim.): Suomen luonto – Kasvit osa III Bakteereja, sieniä, itiökasveja, s. 83. Weilin+Göös, 1994. ISBN 951-35-5594-1
- ↑ Sienitiede:nuijahomeet Tieteen kansallinen termipankki. Viitattu 1.4.2020.
- ↑ Secondary metabolites of aspergillus species (Tietoa Aspergillusten sekundaarimetaboliiteista) Fungal Research Trust. Arkistoitu 31.7.2011. Viitattu 23.4.2009. (englanniksi)
- ↑ Aspergillus Genome Resources (Yleistietoa Aspergillus-homeista) National Center for Biotechnology Information. (englanniksi)
- ↑ Elonen E. Sienimyrkytykset, ss. 1145–1152 kirjassa Koulu M, Mervaala E, Tuomisto J. Farmakologia ja toksikologia, 8. p. Kustannus Oy Medicina, Kuopio 2012. ISBN 978-951-97316-4-3 Luettavissa myös verkossa http://www.medicina.fi.
Aiheesta muualla
muokkaa- Solukuolema. Tofte-yhtiöt. Arkistoitu 15.8.2015.
- Taru Laakso: Hiilihydraateista bioteknisesti valmistettavat merkittävät teollisuuskemikaalit, Pro gradu -tutkielma, 18.11.2010,Jyväskylän yliopisto, Kemian laitos
- Uniprot: Aspergillus-suvun lajit (englanniksi)
- Pinkka - Lajintuntemuksen oppimisympäristö: Aspergillus-sieniä (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): Toxigenic aspergillus and penicillium species (englanniksi)
- Open Access Biology: Joan W. Bennett, An Overview of the Genus Aspergillus (pdf) (englanniksi)
- Aspergillus.org: Metabolites (englanniksi)
- Speciesfungorum.org: Aspergillus (englanniksi)
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): Aspergillus, taxonomy (englanniksi)
Aspergillus acidus | Aspergillus aculeatinus | Aspergillus aculeatus | Aspergillus aeneus | Aspergillus affinis | Aspergillus alabamensis | Aspergillus alliaceus | Aspergillus amazonicus | Aspergillus ambiguus | Aspergillus amoenus | Aspergillus amstelodami | Aspergillus amyloliquefaciens | Aspergillus amylovorus | Aspergillus anomalus | Aspergillus anthodesmis | Aspergillus apicalis | Aspergillus appendiculatus | Aspergillus arachidicola | Aspergillus arenarius | Aspergillus arvii | Aspergillus asperescens | Aspergillus assulatus | Aspergillus astellatus | Aspergillus aurantiobrunneus | Aspergillus aureofulgens | Aspergillus aureolatus | Aspergillus aureoterreus| Aspergillus aureus| Aspergillus auricomus | Aspergillus australensis | Aspergillus austroafricanus | Aspergillus avenaceus | Aspergillus awamori | Aspergillus baeticus | Aspergillus bahamensis | Aspergillus biplanus | Aspergillus bisporus| Aspergillus bombycis | Aspergillus brasiliensis| Aspergillus brevipes | Aspergillus brevistipitatus | Aspergillus bridgeri | Aspergillus brunneo-uniseriatus | Aspergillus brunneoviolaceu | Aspergillus caelatus | Aspergillus caesiellus | Aspergillus caespitosus| Aspergillus calidoustus | Aspergillus campestris | Aspergillus candidus| Aspergillus capensis | Aspergillus carbonarius | Aspergillus carneus | Aspergillus cavernicola | Aspergillus cavernicola | Aspergillus cervinus | Aspergillus chevalieri | Aspergillus chungii| Aspergillus cibarius | Aspergillus clavatoflavus| Aspergillus clavatonanicus| Aspergillus clavatus | Aspergillus conicus | Aspergillus conjunctus| Aspergillus conversis | Aspergillus coreanus | Aspergillus coremiiformis | Aspergillus costaricensis | Aspergillus costiformis | Aspergillus creber | Aspergillus cretensis | Aspergillus cristatus | Aspergillus crustosus| Aspergillus crystallinus | Aspergillus cvjetkovicii | Aspergillus deflectus | Aspergillus delacroixii| Aspergillus delicatus | Aspergillus densus | Aspergillus dentatulus | Aspergillus depauperatus| Aspergillus dessyi | Aspergillus digitatus| Aspergillus dimorphicus | Aspergillus diplocystis| Aspergillus discophorus | Aspergillus disjunctus | Aspergillus diversus | Aspergillus dorothicus| Aspergillus dubius | Aspergillus dubius | Aspergillus duricaulis | Aspergillus dybowskii | Aspergillus eburneocremeus | Aspergillus eburneus | Aspergillus echinosporus | Aspergillus echinulatus | Aspergillus ecuadorensis | Aspergillus effusus | Aspergillus egyptiacus | Aspergillus elatior | Aspergillus elegans | Aspergillus ellipsoideus | Aspergillus ellipticus | Aspergillus elongatus | Aspergillus equitis | Aspergillus erythrocephalus | Aspergillus falconensis | Aspergillus fasciculatus | Aspergillus fennelliae | Aspergillus ferrugineus | Aspergillus ferrugineus | Aspergillus ficuum | Aspergillus fiemonthi| Aspergillus filifera | Aspergillus fimetarius| Aspergillus fimeti | Aspergillus fischeri| Aspergillus fischerianus| Aspergillus flaschentraegeri | Aspergillus flavescens | Aspergillus flavidus | Aspergillus flavipes | Aspergillus flavofurcatus | Aspergillus flavoviridescens| Aspergillus flavus| Aspergillus flocculosus| Aspergillus floriformis | Aspergillus foeniculicola| Aspergillus foetidus| Aspergillus fonsecaeus| Aspergillus foutoynontii| Aspergillus foveolatus | Aspergillus fresenii | Aspergillus fruticans | Aspergillus fruticulosus| Aspergillus fujiokensis | Aspergillus fuliginosus | Aspergillus fulvus | Aspergillus fumaricus| Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis| Aspergillus fumigatoides | Aspergillus fumigatus | Aspergillus fumisynnematus | Aspergillus fungoides | Aspergillus funiculosus| Aspergillus fuscus | Aspergillus galeritus | Aspergillus giganteus | Aspergillus gigantosulphureus | Aspergillus gigas | Aspergillus glaber | Aspergillus glaucoaffinis | Aspergillus glauconiveus | Aspergillus glaucus | Aspergillus globosus| Aspergillus godfrini | Aspergillus gorakhpurensis | Aspergillus gracilis | Aspergillus granulatus | Aspergillus granulosus | Aspergillus gratioti | Aspergillus greconis | Aspergillus griseus | Aspergillus guttifer | Aspergillus gymnosardae | Aspergillus halophilicus | Aspergillus halophilus | Aspergillus helicothrix | Aspergillus hennebergii | Aspergillus herbariorum | Aspergillus heterocaryoticus | Aspergillus heteromorphus | Aspergillus heterothallicus | Aspergillus heyangensis | Aspergillus hiratsukae | Aspergillus hollandicus | Aspergillus homomorphus | Aspergillus hortae | Aspergillus humicola | Aspergillus humus | Aspergillus ibericus | Aspergillus igneus | Aspergillus iizukae | Aspergillus implicatus | Aspergillus incrassatus | Aspergillus indicus | Aspergillus indohii | Aspergillus ingratus | Aspergillus insecticola | Aspergillus insuetus | Aspergillus insulicola | Aspergillus intermedius | Aspergillus inuii | Aspergillus itaconicus | Aspergillus ivoriensis | Aspergillus janus | Aspergillus japonicus | Aspergillus jeanselmei | Aspergillus kambarensis | Aspergillus kanagawaensis | Aspergillus kassunensis | Aspergillus katsuobushi | Aspergillus keveii | Aspergillus koningii | Aspergillus laciniosus | Aspergillus lacticoffeatus | Aspergillus laneus | Aspergillus lanosus | Aspergillus laokiashanensis | Aspergillus lateralis | Aspergillus lentulus | Aspergillus lepidophyton | Aspergillus leporis | Aspergillus leucocarpus | Aspergillus lignieresii | Aspergillus longivesica | Aspergillus longobasidia | Aspergillus luchensi | Aspergillus luchuensis | Aspergillus lucknowensis | Aspergillus luteoniger | Aspergillus luteovirescens | Aspergillus lutescens | Aspergillus luteus | Aspergillus macfiei | Aspergillus macrosporus | Aspergillus malignus | Aspergillus malodoratus | Aspergillus malvaceus | Aspergillus mandshuricus | Aspergillus manginii | Aspergillus mannitosus | Aspergillus maritimus | Aspergillus mattletii | Aspergillus maximus | Aspergillus medius | Aspergillus melitensis | Aspergillus melleus | Aspergillus mellinus | Aspergillus mencieri | Aspergillus michelii | Aspergillus microcephalus | Aspergillus microcysticus | Aspergillus microsporus | Aspergillus microthecius | Aspergillus microviridicitrinus | Aspergillus minimus | Aspergillus minisclerotigenes | Aspergillus minor | Aspergillus minutus | Aspergillus miyajii | Aspergillus miyakoensis | Aspergillus mollis | Aspergillus montenegroi | Aspergillus montevidensis | Aspergillus mucoroides | Aspergillus mucoroideus | Aspergillus muelleri | Aspergillus multicolor | Aspergillus multiplicatus | Aspergillus muricatus | Aspergillus muscivora | Aspergillus mutabilis | Aspergillus mycetomi-villabruzzii | Aspergillus mycobanche | Aspergillus nakazawae | Aspergillus nantae | Aspergillus nanus | Aspergillus navahoensis | Aspergillus neobridgeri | Aspergillus neocarnoyi | Aspergillus neoellipticus | Aspergillus neoglaber | Aspergillus nidulans | Aspergillus nidulellus | Aspergillus niger | Aspergillus nigrescens | Aspergillus nigricans | Aspergillus nishimurae | Aspergillus niveoglaucus | Aspergillus niveus | Aspergillus noelting | Aspergillus nominus | Aspergillus nomius | Aspergillus novofumigatus | Aspergillus novus | Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis | Aspergillus ochraceoroseus | Aspergillus ochraceoruber | Aspergillus ochraceus | Aspergillus okazakii | Aspergillus olivaceofuscus | Aspergillus olivaceus | Aspergillus olivascens | Aspergillus olivicola | Aspergillus omanensis | Aspergillus onikii | Aspergillus oosporus | Aspergillus ornatulus | Aspergillus ornatus | Aspergillus oryzae | Aspergillus ostianus | Aspergillus otanii | Aspergillus ovalispermus | Aspergillus paleaceus | Aspergillus pallidus | Aspergillus panamensis | Aspergillus paradoxus | Aspergillus parasiticus | Aspergillus parrulus | Aspergillus parvathecius | Aspergillus parvisclerotigenus | Aspergillus parviverruculosus | Aspergillus parvulu | Aspergillus paulistensi | Aspergillus penicillatus | Aspergillus penicilliformis | Aspergillus penicillioides | Aspergillus penicillioideum | Aspergillus penicillopsis | Aspergillus periconioides | Aspergillus perniciosus | Aspergillus persii | Aspergillus petrakii | Aspergillus peyronelii | Aspergillus phaeocephalus | Aspergillus phialiseptatus | Aspergillus phoenicis | Aspergillus pidoplichknovii | Aspergillus piperis | Aspergillus polychromus | Aspergillus pouchetii | Aspergillus primulinus | Aspergillus profusus | Aspergillus proliferans | Aspergillus protuberus | Aspergillus pseudocaelatus | Aspergillus pseudocarbonarius | Aspergillus pseudocitricus | Aspergillus pseudoclavatus | Aspergillus pseudodeflectus | Aspergillus pseudoelatior | Aspergillus pseudoelegans | Aspergillus pseudoflavus | Aspergillus pseudoglaucus | Aspergillus pseudoheteromorphus | Aspergillus pseudoniger | Aspergillus pseudoniger | Aspergillus pseudonomius | Aspergillus pseudotamarii | Aspergillus pulchellus | Aspergillus pulmonum-hominis | Aspergillus pulverulentus | Aspergillus pulvinus | Aspergillus puniceus | Aspergillus purpureofuscus | Aspergillus purpureus | Aspergillus pusillus | Aspergillus pyramidus | Aspergillus pyri | Aspergillus qinqixianii | Aspergillus qizutongii | Aspergillus quadricinctus | Aspergillus quadricingens | Aspergillus quadrifidus | Aspergillus quadrilineatus | Aspergillus quercinus | Aspergillus quininae | Aspergillus quitensis | Aspergillus racemosus | Aspergillus raianus | Aspergillus rambellii | Aspergillus ramosus | Aspergillus raperi | Aspergillus recurvatus | Aspergillus rehmii | Aspergillus repandus | Aspergillus repens | Aspergillus reptans | Aspergillus restrictus | Aspergillus rhizopodus | Aspergillus robustus | Aspergillus roseoglobosus | Aspergillus roseoglobulosus | Aspergillus roseovelutinus | Aspergillus roseus | Aspergillus roseus | Aspergillus ruber | Aspergillus rubrobrunneus | Aspergillus rubrum | Aspergillus rufescens | Aspergillus rugulosus | Aspergillus rugulovalvus | Aspergillus rutilans | Aspergillus sacchari | Aspergillus saitoi | Aspergillus salviicola | Aspergillus sartoryi | Aspergillus scheelei | Aspergillus schiemanniae | Aspergillus sclerogenus | Aspergillus sclerotiicarbonarius | Aspergillus sclerotioniger | Aspergillus sclerotiorum | Aspergillus sejunctus | Aspergillus septatus | Aspergillus sepultus | Aspergillus silvaticus | Aspergillus simplex | Aspergillus sojae | Aspergillus sparsus | Aspergillus spathulatus | Aspergillus spectabilis | Aspergillus spelunceus | Aspergillus spiculosus | Aspergillus spinosus | Aspergillus spinulosus | Aspergillus spiralis | Aspergillus stella-maris | Aspergillus stellatus | Aspergillus stellifer | Aspergillus stercoreus | Aspergillus sterigmatophorus | Aspergillus steynii | Aspergillus stramenius | Aspergillus striatulus | Aspergillus striatus | Aspergillus stromatoides | Aspergillus strychni | Aspergillus subfuscus | Aspergillus subgriseus | Aspergillus sublatus | Aspergillus sublevisporus | Aspergillus subolivaceus | Aspergillus subsessilis | Aspergillus subunguis | Aspergillus sulphureus | Aspergillus sulphureus | Aspergillus sunderbanii | Aspergillus sydowii | Aspergillus sylvaticus | Aspergillus syncephalis | Aspergillus tabacinus | Aspergillus taichungensis | Aspergillus takakii | Aspergillus taklimakanensis | Aspergillus tamari | Aspergillus tapirirae | Aspergillus tardus | Aspergillus tatenoi | Aspergillus terrestris | Aspergillus terreus | Aspergillus terricola | Aspergillus testaceocolorans | Aspergillus tetrazonus | Aspergillus thermomutatus | Aspergillus thomi | Aspergillus tiraboschii | Aspergillus togoensis | Aspergillus tokelau | Aspergillus tonophilus | Aspergillus toxicarius | Aspergillus tritici | Aspergillus tsurutae | Aspergillus tuberculatus | Aspergillus tubingensis | Aspergillus tunetanus | Aspergillus udagawae | Aspergillus umbrinus | Aspergillus umbrosus | Aspergillus undulatus | Aspergillus unguis | Aspergillus unilateralis | Aspergillus usamii | Aspergillus ustilago | Aspergillus ustus | Aspergillus uvarum | Aspergillus vadensis | Aspergillus vancampenhoutii | Aspergillus varanasensis | Aspergillus variabilis | Aspergillus varians | Aspergillus variecolor | Aspergillus variegatus | Aspergillus velutinus | Aspergillus venezuelensis | Aspergillus versicolor | Aspergillus vinosobubalinus | Aspergillus violaceobrunneus | Aspergillus violaceofuscus | Aspergillus violaceus | Aspergillus virens | Aspergillus viridigriseus | Aspergillus viridinutans | Aspergillus vitellinus | Aspergillus vitis | Aspergillus vitricola | Aspergillus wangduanlii | Aspergillus warcupii | Aspergillus wehmeri | Aspergillus welwitschiae | Aspergillus wentii | Aspergillus westendorpii | Aspergillus westerdijkiae | Aspergillus xerophilus | Aspergillus yezoensis | Aspergillus zhaoqingensis | Aspergillus zonatus