Ero sivun ”Autoritarismi” versioiden välillä

[arvioimaton versio][arvioimaton versio]
Poistettu sisältö Lisätty sisältö
Merkkaukset: tekstiä poistettu  virheellinen wikikoodi 
Merkkaukset:  virheellinen wikikoodi  Visuaalinen muokkaus
Rivi 30:
Seuraavasta listasta muun muassa Pohjois-Korea ja ainakin vuosien 1949-1976 osalta Kiina luokitellaan totalitaristisiksi, koska niissä ideologinen hallinto tunkeutuu kaikille elämänaloille. Siksi niitä ja eräitä muita ei usein lasketa autoritaristisiksi.
 
* {{Algeria}} [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1999–1999)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/algeria|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Algeria Report}}</ref>
* {{Angola}} [[MPLA]]:n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1975–1975)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/angola|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Angola Report}}</ref>
* {{Azerbaidžan}} [[Heydar Aliyev]]in alaisuudessa (1993-2003) andja [[İlham Əliyev|Ilham AliyevAlijev]]<nowiki/>in alaisuudessa vuodesta (2003–2003)<ref>{{cite news|last=Vincent|first=Rebecca|title=When the music dies: Azerbaijan one year after Eurovision|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/05/2013519690697916.html|accessdate=10 June 2013|date=19 May 2013|agency=[[Al Jazeera]]|quote=Over the past several years, Azerbaijan has become increasingly authoritarian, as the authorities have used tactics such as harassment, intimidation, blackmail, attack and imprisonment to silence the regime’s critics, whether journalists, bloggers, human rights defenders, political activists or ordinary people taking to the streets in protest.}}</ref>
* {{Bahrain}} [[Al Khalifa]]-suvun alaisuudessa vuodesta (1746–1746)<ref>Nebil Husayn, [http://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/Bahrain%20AMSS%20-%20Abstract%20-%20Outline_0.pdf Authoritarianism in Bahrain: Motives, Methods and Challenges], AMSS 41st Annual Conference (September 29, 2012); [http://cddrl.stanford.edu/events/parliamentary_elections_and_authoritarian_rule_in_bahrain Parliamentary Elections and Authoritarian Rule in Bahrain] (January 13, 2011), Stanford University</ref>
* {{Valko-Venäjä}} [[Alexander Lukashenko]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1994–1994)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/07/belarus-inside-europes-last-dictatorship|accessdate=7 August 2014 |title=Belarus: inside Europe’s last dictatorship |location=London |work=The Guardian|first=Sigrid|last=Rausing|date=7 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="reuters1">{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/04/us-belarus-dicator-idUSTRE8230T320120304 | agency=[[Reuters]] |title=Belarus’s Lukashenko: "Better a dictator than gay" |quote=...German Foreign Minister's branding him 'Europe's last dictator'|location=Berlin |date=4 March 2012}}</ref> on account of Lukashenko's self-described [[authoritarian]] style of government<ref>{{cite news|title=Profile: Alexander Lukashenko|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3882843.stm|accessdate=7 August 2014|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=9 January 2007|quote='..an authoritarian ruling style is characteristic of me [Lukashenko]'}}</ref><ref name="HRW">{{cite web|url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/01/13/belaru9878.htm |title=Essential Background&nbsp;– Belarus |accessdate=26 March 2006 |year=2005 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/europe-and-central-asia/eurasia/belarus |title=Human rights by country&nbsp;– Belarus |accessdate=22 December 2007 |year=2007 |website=Amnesty International Report 2007 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212011715/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/europe-and-central-asia/eurasia/belarus |archivedate=12 December 2007 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
* {{Bosnia ja Hertsegovina}} / {{Serbitasavalta}} [[Milorad Dodik]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (2006–2006)<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bieber|first1=Florian|title=Patterns of competitive authoritarianism in the Western Balkans|journal=East European Politics|date=July 2018|volume=38|issue=3|pages=337-54|doi=10.1080/21599165.2018.1490272}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/world/europe/dodik-republika-srpska-bosnia.html|title=Milorad Dodik Wants to Carve Up Bosnia. Peacefully, if Possible|date=16 February 2018|publisher=The New York Times
|accessdate=5 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apnews.com/2e8576b75226465fa1dc4180cdda6644|title=Correction: Bosnia-Journalist Beaten story|date=28 September 2018|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=5 January 2019}}</ref>
* {{Burundi}} [[Pierre Nkurunziza]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (2005–2005)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/burundi|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Burundi Report}}</ref>
* {{Kambodža}} [[KhmerPunaiset Rougekhmerit|Punaisten khmeri]]n<nowiki/>en ja [[Hun Sen]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (1985–1985)<ref>{{cite news |author=Elisabeth Bumiller |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/17/world/asia/in-cambodia-panetta-reaffirms-ties-with-authoritarian-government.html |title=In Cambodia, Panetta Reaffirms Ties With Authoritarian Government |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 16, 2012 }}</ref>
* {{Kamerun}} [[Paul Biya]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1982–1982)<ref name="Freedom House" /><ref name="Amnesty International">{{cite web|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|title=Amnesty International Report 2009: State of the World's Human Rights|year=2009|url=http://report2009.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/cameroon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008000900/http://report2009.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/cameroon|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2011-10-08}}</ref>
* {{Tšad}} [[Idriss Deby]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1990–1990)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/chad|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Chad Report}}</ref>
* {{Kiina}} [[Kiinan kommunistinen puolue|Kiinan kommunistisen puolueenpuolue]]<nowiki/>en alaisuudessa vuodesta (1949–1949) <ref>Ming Xia, [https://www.nytimes.com/ref/college/coll-china-politics.html China Rises Companion: Political Governance], ''The New York Times''. See also Cheng Li, [http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2012/09/shifting-power-china-lic The End of the CCP’s Resilient Authoritarianism? A Tripartite Assessment of Shifting Power in China] (September 2012), ''The China Quarterly'', Vol. 211; Perry Link and Joshua Kurlantzick, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124319304482150525 China's Modern Authoritarianism] (May 25, 2009), ''The Wall Street Journal''; Ariana Eunjung Cha, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/26/AR2009062604343.html China, Cuba, Other Authoritarian Regimes Censor News From Iran] (June 27, 2009), ''The Washington Post''.</ref> According to research by John Kennedy at al. (2018), Chinese citizens with higher education tend to participate less in local elections and have lower levels of democratic values when compared to those with only compulsory education.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=John |last2=Nagao |first2=Haruka |last3=Liu |first3=Hongyan |title=Voting and Values: Grassroots Elections in Rural and Urban China |journal=Politics and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=90 |doi=10.17645/pag.v6i2.1331 |url=https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/1331|year=2018 }}</ref>
* {{Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta}} [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]n, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila|Laurent-Désiré]] ja [[Joseph Kabila]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1965–1965)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/congo-democratic-republic-kinshasa|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Democratic Republic of Congo Report}}</ref>
* {{Kongon tasavalta}} [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1997–1997)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/congo-republic-brazzaville|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Republic of Congo Report}}</ref>
* {{Kuuba}} [[Kuuban kommunistinen puolue|Kuuban kommunistisen puolueenpuolue]]<nowiki/>en alaisuudessa vuodesta (1959–1959)<ref>Ariana Eunjung Cha, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/26/AR2009062604343.html China, Cuba, Other Authoritarian Regimes Censor News From Iran] (June 27, 2009), ''The Washington Post''; Shanthi Kalathil and Taylor Boas, [http://carnegieendowment.org/2001/07/16/internet-and-state-control-in-authoritarian-regimes-china-cuba-and-counterrevolution/1ic4 Internet and State Control in Authoritarian Regimes: China, Cuba and the Counterrevolution] (July 16, 2001), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.</ref>
* {{Egypti}} [[Hosni Mubarak]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (1981–2011) and [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] alaisuudessa vuodesta (2014–2014)<ref>Amr Adly, [http://carnegie-mec.org/publications/?fa=55804 The Economics of Egypt’s Rising Authoritarian Order], [[Carnegie Middle East Center]], June 18, 2014; Nathan J. Brown & Katie Bentivoglio, [http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/10/09/egypt-s-resurgent-authoritarianism-it-s-way-of-life Egypt's Resurgent Authoritarianism: It's a Way of Life], [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]], October 9, 2014; [[Roula Khalaf]], [https://www.ft.com/content/8127ef6e-c38e-11e6-9bca-2b93a6856354 Sisi’s Egypt: The march of the security state], ''Financial Times'' (December 19, 2016); [[Peter Hessler]], [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/02/egypts-failed-revolution Egypt's Failed Revolution], ''New Yorker'', January 2, 2017.</ref>
* {{Päiväntasaajan Guinea}} [[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1979–1979)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/equatorial-guinea|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Equatorial Guinea Report}}</ref>
* {{Eritrea}} [[Isaias Afwerki]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1993–1993)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/eritrea|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Eritea Report}}</ref>
* {{Etiopia}} [[EPRDF]]:n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1991–1991)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/ethiopia|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Ethiopia Report}}</ref>
* {{Gabon}} [[Omar Bongo]] ja [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1967–1967)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/gabon|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Gabon Report}}</ref>
* {{Unkari}} [[Viktor Orbán]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (2010–2010) has recently moved more towards [[illiberalism]]<ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/02/05/hungary-and-poland-arent-democratic-theyre-authoritarian/</ref><ref>https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/04/the-re-election-of-hungarys-authoritarian-prime-minister-disproves-everything-we-thought-we-knew-about-democracy.html</ref><ref name=AtlanticHungaryAntisemitic>[https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/12/viktor-orban-and-anti-semitic-figyelo-cover/578158/ Viktor Orbán Is Exploiting Anti-Semitism]. [[Ira Forman]], ''[[The Atlantic]]'', 14 December 2018</ref>
* {{Iran}} [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]n ja [[Ali Khamenei]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1981–1981)<ref>Mehrdad Kia, [https://books.google.com/books? id=BaE3AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA75#v=onepage&q&f=false The Making of Modern Authoritarianism in Contemporary Iran], in ''Modern Middle East Authoritarianism: Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis'' (Routledge: 2013; eds. Noureddine Jebnoun, Mehrdad Kia & Mimi Kirk), pp. 75–76.</ref> Linz wrote in 2000 that "it is difficult to fit the Iranian regime into the existing typology, as it combines the ideological bent of totalitarianism with the limited pluralism of authoritarianism and holds regular elections in which candidates advocating differing policies and incumbents are often defeated"<ref>Juan José Linz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8cYk_ABfMJIC&pg=PA36 Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes]'' (Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 36.</ref>
* {{Jordania}} [[Abdullah II ]]:n alaisuudessa<ref name="wasp">{{cite news|last1=Yom|first1=Sean|title=Why Jordan and Morocco are doubling down on royal rule|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/05/16/why-jordan-and-morocco-are-doubling-down-on-royal-rule/|work=Washington Post|date=16 May 2017}}</ref>
* {{Kazakstan}} [[Nursultan Nazarbajev|Nursultan Nazarbayev]]<nowiki/>in alaiduudessa <ref name="Freedom House" />
* {{Laos}} Laon kansan vallankumouksellisen puolueen alaisuudessa vuodesta (1975–1975)<ref name=":0">Beckert, Jen. "Communitarianism." International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology. London: Routledge, 2006. 81.</ref>
* {{Marokko}} [[Mohammed VI]]:n alaisuudessa <ref name="wasp"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Governance of Morocco |url=https://fanack.com/morocco/governance/ |work=Fanack.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Morocco: The Promise of Democracy and the Reality of Authoritarianism |url=http://www.iai.it/en/pubblicazioni/morocco-promise-democracy-and-reality-authoritarianism |work=IAI Istituto Affari Internazionali |date=27 April 2016 |language=it}}</ref>
* {{Montenegro}} [[Milo Đukanović]]in alaisuudessa <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/27/world/europe/montenegro-milo-djukanovic-resigns.html|title=Montenegro’s Prime Minister Resigns, Perhaps Bolstering Country’s E.U. Hopes |date=26 October 2016|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/djukanovic-looks-to-extend-dominance-in-montenegro-s-presidential-vote/29167866.html|title=Montenegro's Djukanovic Declares Victory In Presidential Election |date=16 April 2018|publisher=Radio Free Europe|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastwest.eu/it/opinioni/european-crossroads/elezioni-presidenziali-montenegro-vittoria-djukanovic|title=Djukanovic si riprende il Montenegro con la benedizione di Bruxelles |date=17 April 2018|publisher=eastwest.eu|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/bs/%C4%91ukanovi%C4%87-posljednji-autokrat-balkana/a-16888850|title=Đukanović - posljednji autokrat Balkana |date=18 June 2013|publisher=Deutsche Welle|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180319-montenegro-veteran-pm-djukanovic-run-presidency|title=Montenegro veteran PM Djukanovic to run for presidency |date=19 March 2018|publisher=France 24|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref>
* {{Pohjois-Korea}} [[Korean työväenpuolueentyöväenpuolue]]<nowiki/>en alaisuudessa vuodesta (1947–1947)<ref>Daniel Byman, [http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20208/pyongyangs_survival_strategy.html Pyongyang’s Survival Strategy: Tools of Authoritarian Control in North Korea], ''International Security'', Vol. 35, issue 1, pp. 44–74 (Summer 2010); Chico Harlan, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-authoritarian-north-korea-hints-of-reform/2012/09/03/bb5d95ce-f275-11e1-adc6-87dfa8eff430_story.html In authoritarian North Korea, hints of reform], ''The Washington Post'', September 3, 2012.</ref>
* {{Oman}} [[Qaboos bin Said al Said]]in alaisuudessa <ref>https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/oman</ref>
* {{Qatar}} the [[House of Al-Thani]] suvun alaisuudessa<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/blog/dictators-continue-score-international-sporting-events|title=Dictators Continue to Score in International Sporting Events|last=|first=|date=|work=Freedom House|access-date=}}</ref>
* {{Venäjä}} [[Vladimir Putin]] ja [[Dmitry Medvedev]]in alaisuudessa (1999–)vuodesta (see [[Putinism]] for more1999) has tendencies towards of authoritarianism, described by some as "really a mixture of authoritarianism and [[managed democracy]]"<ref>Nikolay Petrov and Michael McFaul, [http://carnegieendowment.org/2005/10/18/essence-of-putin-s-managed-democracy/1ul9 The Essence of Putin's Managed Democracy] (October 18, 2005), [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]; Tom Parfitt, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/11/russia-era-managed-democracy-mikhail-prokhorov Billionaire tycoon Mikhail Prokhorov who is running in the 4 March election says it is time for evolution not revolution] (January 11, 2012), ''The Guardian''; Richard Denton, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_world/4756959.stm Russia's 'managed democracy'] (May 11, 2006), BBC News.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nations in Transit 2014 – Russia|url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2014/russia#.VDEX4Gc7uSq|website=Freedom House}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Myth of the Authoritarian Model – How Putin's Crackdown Holds Russia Back|url=http://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Myth_of_the_Authoritarian_Model.pdf|website=The Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford|access-date=2014-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101539/http://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Myth_of_the_Authoritarian_Model.pdf|archive-date=2014-10-06|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref>
* {{Ruanda}} [[Paul Kagame]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (2000–2000)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/rwanda|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Rwanda Report}}</ref>
* {{Serbia}} [[Aleksandar Vučić]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (2012–2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36122928|title=Serbia election: Pro-EU Prime Minister Vucic claims victory |date=24 April 2016|publisher=BBC|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/09/opinion/a-serbian-election-erodes-democracy.html?referer=|title=A Serbian Election Erodes Democracy |date=9 April 2017|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/thousands-march-against-serbian-presidents-autocratic-rule/2018/12/08/a7b93022-fb1b-11e8-8642-c9718a256cbd_story.html?utm_term=.dfe27b9e470f|title=Thousands march against Serbian president’s autocratic rule |date=8 December 2018|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/09/how-aleksandar-vucic-became-europes-favorite-autocrat/|title=How Aleksandar Vucic Became Europe’s Favorite Autocrat |first=Aleks|last=Eror |date=9 Marck 2018|publisher=Foreign Policy|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref>
* {{Singapore}} [[Lee Kuan Yew]]in alaisuudessa vuoteen 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Kuan Yew leaves a legacy of authoritarian pragmatism|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/23/lee-kuan-yews-legacy-of-authoritarian-pragmatism-will-serve-singapore-well|accessdate=5 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=January 5, 2017 Fear, smear and the paradox of authoritarian politics in Singapore|url=http://www.theindependent.sg/fear-smear-and-the-paradox-of-authoritarian-politics-in-singapore/|accessdate=5 May 2017}}</ref>
* {{Saudi-Arabia}} [[Saudien hallitsijasuku|Saud-suvun]] alaisuudessa vuodesta (1744–1744)<ref>Toby Craig Jones, ''Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia'' (2011), Harvard University Press, pp. 5, 14–15; Kira D. Baiasu, [http://groups.northwestern.edu/njia/?p=85 Sustaining Authoritarian Rule] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130102104633/http://groups.northwestern.edu/njia/?p=85 |date=January 2, 2013 }} Fall 2009, Volume 10, Issue 1 (September 30, 2009), ''Northwestern Journal of International Affairs''.</ref>
* {{Etelä-Sudan}} [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (2011–2011)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/south-sudan|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World South Sudan Report}}</ref>
* {{Sudan}} [[Omar al-Bashir]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (1989–1989)<ref name="Freedom House">{{cite book|author=Freedom House|title=Freedom in the World 2016: Anxious Dictators, Wavering Democracies: Global Freedom Under Pressure|year=2016|url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_FITW_Report_2016.pdf}}</ref>
* {{Syyria}} [[Hafez Al-Assad|Hafez]] ja [[Bashar al-Assad]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (1970–1970)<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Heydemann|first1=Steven |last2=Leenders|first2=Reinoud |title=Middle East Authoritarianisms: Governance, Contestation, and Regime Resilience in Syria and Iran |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0804793339 |page=13}}</ref>
* {{Tadžikistan}} [[Emomali Rahmon]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (1994–1994)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/tajikistan|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Tajikistan Report}}</ref>
* {{Thaimaa}} [[Prayut Chan-o-cha]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (2014–2014)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cultural Rights as Collective Rights: An International Law Perspective|last=Jakubowski|first=Andrzej|publisher=Brill – Nijhoff|year=2016|isbn=978-9004312012|location=|page=196|quote=|via=}}</ref>
* {{Turkki}} [[Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] alaisuudessa vuodesta (2003–2003) <ref>Berk Esena & Sebnem Gumuscub, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732?journalCode=ctwq20 Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey], ''[[Third World Quarterly]]'' (February 19, 2016). {{doi|10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732}}; Ramazan Kılınç, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/ramazan-k-l-n/turkey-from-conservative-democracy-to-popular-authoritarianism Turkey: from conservative democracy to popular authoritarianism], [[openDemocracy]] alaisuudessa (December 5, 2015).</ref>
* {{Turkmenistan}} [[Saparmurat Niyazov]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (1991–2006) ja [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta (2006–2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/turkmenistan|title=Turkmenistan|website=hrw.org|accessdate=4 September 2016}}</ref>
* {{UAE}} kuuden emiirikunnan hallitsija suvun alaisuudessa vuodesta (10. Februaryhelmikuuta 1972–1972)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newint.org/blog/2015/09/07/uae-human-rights|title=The dark side of the United Arab Emirates|date=7 September 2015|website=newint.org|accessdate=22 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703998|title=United Arab Emirates profile|date=29 August 2017|publisher=|accessdate=22 October 2017|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>
* {{Uganda}} itsenäisyyden ajasta asti (1964–1964)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/uganda|accessdate=19 April 2018|title=Freedom in the World Uganda Report}}</ref>
* {{Uzbekistan}} Islam Karimovina alaisuudessa vuodesta (1989–2016)<ref>Neil J. Melvin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BmF4AgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Uzbekistan: Transition to Authoritarianism on the Silk Road]'' (Harwood Academic, 2000), pp. 28–30.</ref><ref>[[Shahram Akbarzadeh]], "Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Limits of Islam" in ''Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity'' (Oxford University Press, 2012: eds. Rainer Grote & Tilmann J. Röder), p. 428.</ref> and [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]] alaisuudessa vuodesta (2016-)<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21732574-new-president-less-brutal-his-predecessor-no-democrat-uzbek-spring-has-sprung</ref>
* {{Venezuela}} [[Hugo Chávez]]in ja [[Nicolás Maduro]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta (1999–1999)<ref>Human Rights Watch, [https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/03/05/venezuela-chavez-s-authoritarian-legacy Venezuela: Chávez’s Authoritarian Legacy: Dramatic Concentration of Power and Open Disregard for Basic Human Rights], March 5, 2013; Kurt Weyland, [http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Weyland-24-3.pdf Latin America's Authoritarian Drift: The Threat from the Populist Left], ''Journal of Democracy'', Vol. 24, No. 3 (July 2013), pp. 18–32.</ref>
* {{Vietnam}} Vietnamin kommunistisen puolueen alaisuudessa vuodesta (1976–1976)<ref>Thomas Fuller, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/24/world/asia/vietnam-clings-to-one-party-rule-as-dissent-rises-sharply.html?pagewanted=all In Hard Times, Open Dissent and Repression Rise in Vietnam] (April 23, 2013), ''The New York Times''</ref>
 
==Historiallisia esimerkkejä==