Ero sivun ”Thailainen kirjaimisto” versioiden välillä

[arvioimaton versio][arvioimaton versio]
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GnawnBot (keskustelu | muokkaukset)
p Botti lisäsi: es:Alfabeto tailandés
Rivi 18:
Alla olevassa taulukossa thai-kirjainten nimet on transkriboitu suomenkielistä lukijaa ajatellen. Lisäksi esitetään Thaimaassa virallisesti käytössä oleva [[RTGS]]-translitteraatiotapa sekä [[IPA]]-transkriptio. Useat konsonantit äännetään eri tavoin tavun alussa ja lopussa, minkä vuoksi kaikki kolme saraketta jakautuvat kahteen. Mikäli ''Loppu''-sarakkeessa on pelkkä viiva, merkkiä ei käytetä tavun lopussa lainkaan. Kun kirjoitettu tavu loppuu konsonanttiyhdistelmään, vain ensimmäinen niistä lausutaan. Mahdollisia loppukonsonanttiäänteitä ovat 'k', 'm', 'n', 'ng', 'p' ja 't'. Luokkatunnuksina käytetään englanninkielisiä lyhenteitä L (matala), M (keskinen) ja H (korkea) niiden yleisyyden vuoksi muussa kirjallisuudessa.
 
{| class="wikitable"
<table border="1">
! Merkki !! Nimi !! colspan="2" | Suom. !! colspan="2" | RTGS !! colspan="2" | IPA !! Luokka
<tr><th>Merkki</th><th>Nimi</th>
|-
<th colspan="2">Suom.</th><th colspan="2">RTGS</th><th colspan="2">IPA</th><th>Luokka</th></tr>
! &nbsp; !! &nbsp; !! Alku !! Loppu !! Alku !! Loppu !! Alku !! Loppu
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>&nbsp;</th>
|-
<th>Alku</th><th>Loppu</th><th>Alku</th><th>Loppu</th><th>Alku</th><th>Loppu</th></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''koo kai'' (kana)</td> || k || k || k || k || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|k}} || M
|-
<td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>k</td><td>{{IPA|k}}</td><td>{{IPA|k}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''khoo khai'' (muna)</td> || kh || k || kh || k || {{IPA|k&#688;}} || {{IPA|k}} || H
|-
<td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>{{IPA|k&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|k}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''khoo khuat'' (pullo) [ei käytetä]</td> || kh || k || kh || k || {{IPA|k&#688;}} || {{IPA|k}} || H
|-
<td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>{{IPA|k&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|k}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''khoo khwaai'' (vesipuhveli)</td> || kh || k || kh || k || {{IPA|k&#688;}} || {{IPA|k}} || L
|-
<td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>{{IPA|k&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|k}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''khoo khon'' (ihminen) [ei käytetä]</td> || kh || k || kh || k || {{IPA|k&#688;}} || {{IPA|k}} || L
|-
<td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>{{IPA|k&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|k}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''khoo rakhang'' (soittokello)</td> || kh || k || kh || k || {{IPA|k&#688;}} || {{IPA|k}} || L
|-
<td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>kh</td><td>k</td><td>{{IPA|k&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|k}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''ngoo nguu'' (käärme)</td> || ng || ng || ng || ng || {{IPA|&#331;}} || {{IPA|&#331;}} || L
|-
<td>ng</td><td>ng</td><td>ng</td><td>ng</td><td>{{IPA|&#331;}}</td><td>{{IPA|&#331;}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''tšoo tšaan'' (lautanen)</td> || tš || t || ch || t || {{IPA|tɕ}} || {{IPA|t}} || M
|-
<td>tš</td><td>t</td><td>ch</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|tɕ}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thšoo thšing'' (soittolautaset)</td> || thš || - || ch || - || {{IPA|tɕʰ}} || {{IPA|-}} || H
|-
<td>thš</td><td>-</td><td>ch</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|tɕʰ}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thšoo thšaang'' (norsu)</td> || thš || - || ch || t || {{IPA|tɕʰ}} || {{IPA|t}} || L
|-
<td>thš</td><td>-</td><td>ch</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|tɕʰ}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''soo soo'' (kettinki)</td> || s || t || s || t || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|t}} || L
|-
<td>s</td><td>t</td><td>s</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|s}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thšoo thšöö'' (puu)</td> || thš || - || ch || - || {{IPA|tɕʰ}} || {{IPA|-}} || L
|-
<td>thš</td><td>-</td><td>ch</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|tɕʰ}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''joo jing'' (hieno nainen)</td> || j || n || y || n || {{IPA|j}} || {{IPA|n}} || L
|-
<td>j</td><td>n</td><td>y</td><td>n</td><td>{{IPA|j}}</td><td>{{IPA|n}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''doo thšädaa'' (korkea juhlapäähine)</td> || d || t || d || t || {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|t}} || M
|-
<td>d</td><td>t</td><td>d</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|d}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''too patak'' (keihäs)</td> || t || t || t || t || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|t}} || M
|-
<td>t</td><td>t</td><td>t</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thoo thaan'' (alusta)</td> || th || t || th || t || {{IPA|t&#688;}} || {{IPA|t}} || H
|-
<td>th</td><td>t</td><td>th</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|t&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thoo monthoo'' (tanssija)</td> || th || t || th || t || {{IPA|t&#688;}} || {{IPA|t}} || L
|-
<td>th</td><td>t</td><td>th</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|t&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thoo phuthaau'' (vanha mies)</td> || th || t || th || t || {{IPA|t&#688;}} || {{IPA|t}} || L
|-
<td>th</td><td>t</td><td>th</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|t&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''noo neen'' (noviisimunkki)</td> || n || n || n || n || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|n}} || L
|-
<td>n</td><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>{{IPA|n}}</td><td>{{IPA|n}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''doo dek'' (lapsi)</td> || d || t || d || t || {{IPA|d}} || {{IPA|t}} || M
|-
<td>d</td><td>t</td><td>d</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|d}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''too tau'' (kilpikonna)</td> || t || t || t || t || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|t}} || M
|-
<td>t</td><td>t</td><td>t</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thoo thung'' (pussi)</td> || th || t || th || t || {{IPA|t&#688;}} || {{IPA|t}} || H
|-
<td>th</td><td>t</td><td>th</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|t&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thoo thahaan'' (sotilas)</td> || th || t || th || t || {{IPA|t&#688;}} || {{IPA|t}} || L
|-
<td>th</td><td>t</td><td>th</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|t&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''thoo thong'' (lippu)</td> || th || t || th || t || {{IPA|t&#688;}} || {{IPA|t}} || L
|-
<td>th</td><td>t</td><td>th</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|t&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''noo nuu'' (rotta)</td> || n || n || n || n || {{IPA|n}} || {{IPA|n}} || L
|-
<td>n</td><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>{{IPA|n}}</td><td>{{IPA|n}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''boo baimai'' (puunlehti)</td> || b || p || b || p || {{IPA|b}} || {{IPA|p}} || M
|-
<td>b</td><td>p</td><td>b</td><td>p</td><td>{{IPA|b}}</td><td>{{IPA|p}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''poo plaa'' (kala)</td> || p || p || p || p || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|p}} || M
|-
<td>p</td><td>p</td><td>p</td><td>p</td><td>{{IPA|p}}</td><td>{{IPA|p}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''phoo phyng'' (mehiläinen)</td> || ph || - || ph || - || {{IPA|p&#688;}} || {{IPA|-}} || H
|-
<td>ph</td><td>-</td><td>ph</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|p&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''foo faa'' (kansi)</td> || f || - || f || - || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|-}} || H
|-
<td>f</td><td>-</td><td>f</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|f}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''phoo phaan'' (astia)</td> || ph || p || ph || p || {{IPA|p&#688;}} || {{IPA|p}} || L
|-
<td>ph</td><td>p</td><td>ph</td><td>p</td><td>{{IPA|p&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|p}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''foo fan'' (hammas)</td> || f || p || f || p || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|p}} || L
|-
<td>f</td><td>p</td><td>f</td><td>p</td><td>{{IPA|f}}</td><td>{{IPA|p}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''phoo samphau'' (džonkki)</td> || ph || p || ph || p || {{IPA|p&#688;}} || {{IPA|p}} || L
|-
<td>ph</td><td>p</td><td>ph</td><td>p</td><td>{{IPA|p&#688;}}</td><td>{{IPA|p}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''moo maa'' (hevonen)</td> || m || m || m || m || {{IPA|m}} || {{IPA|m}} || L
|-
<td>m</td><td>m</td><td>m</td><td>m</td><td>{{IPA|m}}</td><td>{{IPA|m}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''joo jak'' (jättiläinen)</td> || j || j || y || y || {{IPA|j}} || {{IPA|j}} || L
|-
<td>j</td><td>j</td><td>y</td><td>y</td><td>{{IPA|j}}</td><td>{{IPA|j}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''roo ryä'' (soutuvene)</td> || r || n || r || n || {{IPA|r}} || {{IPA|n}} || L
|-
<td>r</td><td>n</td><td>r</td><td>n</td><td>{{IPA|r}}</td><td>{{IPA|n}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
| ฤ || ''roo ry'' * || ry || - || rue || - || {{IPA|rɯ}} || {{IPA|-}} || -
<tr><td>ฤ</td><td>''roo ry'' *</td>
|-
<td>ry</td><td>-</td><td>rue</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|rɯ}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}<td>-</td></tr>
| ฤๅ || ''roo ryy'' * || ryy || - || rue || - || {{IPA|rɯ&#720;}} || {{IPA|-}} || -
<tr><td>ฤๅ</td><td>''roo ryy'' *</td>
|-
<td>ryy</td><td>-</td><td>rue</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|rɯ&#720;}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>-</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''loo ling'' (apina)</td> || l || n || l || n || {{IPA|l}} || {{IPA|n}} || L
|-
<td>l</td><td>n</td><td>l</td><td>n</td><td>{{IPA|l}}</td><td>{{IPA|n}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
| ฦ || ''loo ly'' * || ly || - || lue || - || {{IPA|lɯ}} || {{IPA|-}} || -
<tr><td>ฦ</td><td>''loo ly'' *</td>
|-
<td>ly</td><td>-</td><td>lue</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|lɯ}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>-</td></tr>
| ฦๅ || ''loo lyy'' * || lyy || - || lue || - || {{IPA|lɯ&#720;}} || {{IPA|-}} || -
<tr><td>ฦๅ</td><td>''loo lyy'' *</td>
|-
<td>lyy</td><td>-</td><td>lue</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|lɯ&#720;}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>-</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''woo wään'' (sormus)</td> || w || w || w || w || {{IPA|w}} || {{IPA|w}} || L
|-
<td>w</td><td>w</td><td>w</td><td>w</td><td>{{IPA|w}}</td><td>{{IPA|w}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''soo salaa'' (katos)</td> || s || t || s || t || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|t}} || H
|-
<td>s</td><td>t</td><td>s</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|s}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''soo rysii'' (erakkomunkki)</td> || s || t || s || t || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|t}} || H
|-
<td>s</td><td>t</td><td>s</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|s}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''soo syä'' (tiikeri)</td> || s || t || s || t || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|t}} || H
|-
<td>s</td><td>t</td><td>s</td><td>t</td><td>{{IPA|s}}</td><td>{{IPA|t}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''hoo hiip'' (laatikko)</td> || h || - || h || - || {{IPA|h}} || {{IPA|-}} || H
|-
<td>h</td><td>-</td><td>h</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|h}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''loo tšulaa'' (leija)</td> || l || n || l || n || {{IPA|l}} || {{IPA|n}} || L
|-
<td>l</td><td>n</td><td>l</td><td>n</td><td>{{IPA|l}}</td><td>{{IPA|n}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''oo aang'' (kulho)</td> || ** || - || ** || - || {{IPA|&#660;}} || {{IPA|-}} || M
|-
<td>**</td><td>-</td><td>**</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|&#660;}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>M</td></tr>
<tr><td>| </td><td> || ''hoo nokhuuk'' (pöllö)</td> || h || - || h || - || {{IPA|h}} || {{IPA|-}} || L
|}
<td>h</td><td>-</td><td>h</td><td>-</td><td>{{IPA|h}}</td><td>{{IPA|-}}</td><td>L</td></tr>
</table>
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Konsonantti-vokaali-yhdistelmäkirjaimia, eivät minkään ryhmän jäseniä.
 
<nowiki>**</nowiki> Merkki osoittaa tavun alkamista vokaalilla (tai oikeastaan [[glottaaliklusiili]]lla).
 
=== Vokaalit สระ ===