Ero sivun ”Autoritarismi” versioiden välillä

* {{Azerbaidžan}}: [[İlham Əliyev]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 2003 <ref>{{cite news|last=Vincent|first=Rebecca|title=When the music dies: Azerbaijan one year after Eurovision|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/05/2013519690697916.html|accessdate=10. kesäkuuta 2013|date=19. toukokuuta 2013|agency=[[Al Jazeera]]|quote=Over the past several years, Azerbaijan has become increasingly authoritarian, as the authorities have used tactics such as harassment, intimidation, blackmail, attack and imprisonment to silence the regime’s critics, whether journalists, bloggers, human rights defenders, political activists or ordinary people taking to the streets in protest.}}</ref>▼

* {{Bahrain}}: [[Al Khalifa]] dynastian alaisuudessa vuodesta 1746 <ref>Nebil Husayn, [http://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/Bahrain%20AMSS%20-%20Abstract%20-%20Outline_0.pdf Authoritarianism in Bahrain: Motives, Methods and Challenges], AMSS 41st Annual Conference (September 29, 2012); [http://cddrl.stanford.edu/events/parliamentary_elections_and_authoritarian_rule_in_bahrain Parliamentary Elections and Authoritarian Rule in Bahrain] (January 13, 2011), Stanford University</ref>▼

* {{Valko-Venäjä}}: [[Alexander Lukashenko]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1994 <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/07/belarus-inside-europes-last-dictatorship|accessdate=7. elokuuta 2014 |title=Belarus: inside Europe’s last dictatorship |location=London |work=The Guardian|first=Sigrid|last=Rausing|date=7. lokakuuta 2012}}</ref><ref name="reuters1">{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/04/us-belarus-dicator-idUSTRE8230T320120304 | agency=[[Reuters]] |title=Belarus’s Lukashenko: "Better a dictator than gay" |quote=...German Foreign Minister's branding him 'Europe's last dictator'|location=Berlin |date=4. maaliskuuta 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Profile: Alexander Lukashenko|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3882843.stm|accessdate=7. elokuuta 2014|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=9. tammikuuta 2007|quote='..an authoritarian ruling style is characteristic of me [Lukashenko]'}}</ref><ref name="HRW">{{cite web|url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/01/13/belaru9878.htm |title=Essential Background&nbsp;– Belarus |accessdate=26. maaliskuuta 2006 |year=2005 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/europe-and-central-asia/eurasia/belarus |title=Human rights by country&nbsp;– Belarus |accessdate=22. joulukuuta 2007 |year=2007 |work=Amnesty International Report 2007 |publisher=Amnesty International |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212011715/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/europe-and-central-asia/eurasia/belarus |archivedate=12. joulukuuta 2007 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>▼

* {{Kambodža}}: [[Punaiset khmerit|Punakhmerien]] ja [[Hun Sen]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1985 <ref>{{cite news |author=Elisabeth Bumiller |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/17/world/asia/in-cambodia-panetta-reaffirms-ties-with-authoritarian-government.html |title=In Cambodia, Panetta Reaffirms Ties With Authoritarian Government |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=16. marraskuuta 2012 }}</ref>▼

* {{Kamerun}}: [[Paul Biya]] alaisuudessa vuodesta 1982 vuodesta <ref name="Freedom House" /><ref name="Amnesty International">{{cite web|publisher=Amnesty International|title="Amnesty International Report 2009: State of the World's Human Rights"|year=2009|url=http://report2009.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/cameroon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008000900/http://report2009.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/cameroon|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2011-10-08}}</ref>▼

* {{Kiina}}: [[Kiinan kommunistinen puolue|Kiinan kommunistisen puolueen]] valtakausi vuodesta 1949 <ref>Ming Xia, [https://www.nytimes.com/ref/college/coll-china-politics.html China Rises Companion: Political Governance], ''New York Times''. See also Cheng Li, [http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2012/09/shifting-power-china-lic The End of the CCP’s Resilient Authoritarianism? A Tripartite Assessment of Shifting Power in China] (September 2012), ''The China Quarterly'', Vol. 211; Perry Link and Joshua Kurlantzick, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124319304482150525 China's Modern Authoritarianism] (May 25, 2009), ''Wall Street Journal''; Ariana Eunjung Cha, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/26/AR2009062604343.html China, Cuba, Other Authoritarian Regimes Censor News From Iran] (June 27, 2009), ''Washington Post''.</ref>▼

* {{Kuuba}}: [[Fidel Castro|Fidel]] ja [[Raúl Castro]] alaisuudessa vuodesta 1959 <ref>Ariana Eunjung Cha, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/26/AR2009062604343.html China, Cuba, Other Authoritarian Regimes Censor News From Iran] (June 27, 2009), ''Washington Post''; Shanthi Kalathil and Taylor Boas, [http://carnegieendowment.org/2001/07/16/internet-and-state-control-in-authoritarian-regimes-china-cuba-and-counterrevolution/1ic4 Internet and State Control in Authoritarian Regimes: China, Cuba and the Counterrevolution] (July 16, 2001), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.</ref>▼

* {{Egypti}}: [[Hosni Mubarak]]in (valtakausi 1981–2011) ja [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 2014 <ref>Amr Adly, [http://carnegie-mec.org/publications/?fa=55804 The Economics of Egypt’s Rising Authoritarian Order], Carnegie Middle East Center, June 18, 2014; Nathan J. Brown & Katie Bentivoglio, [http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/10/09/egypt-s-resurgent-authoritarianism-it-s-way-of-life Egypt's Resurgent Authoritarianism: It's a Way of Life], Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 9, 2014; Roula Khalaf, [https://www.ft.com/content/8127ef6e-c38e-11e6-9bca-2b93a6856354 Sisi’s Egypt: The march of the security state], ''Financial Times'' (December 19, 2016); Peter Hessler [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/02/egypts-failed-revolution Egypt's Failed Revolution], ''New Yorker'', January 2, 2017.</ref>▼

* {{Iran}}: [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]n ja [[Ali Khamenei]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1981 <ref>Mehrdad Kia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=BaE3AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA75#v=onepage&q&f=false The Making of Modern Authoritarianism in Contemporary Iran], in ''Modern Middle East Authoritarianism: Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis'' (Routledge: 2013; eds. Noureddine Jebnoun, Mehrdad Kia & Mimi Kirk), pp. 75–76.</ref> <ref>Juan José Linz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8cYk_ABfMJIC&pg=PA36 Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes]'' (Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 36.</ref>▼

* {{Jordania}}: [[Abdullah II ]]:n alaisuudessa<ref name="wasp">{{cite news|last1=Yom|first1=Sean|title=Why Jordan and Morocco are doubling down on royal rule|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/05/16/why-jordan-and-morocco-are-doubling-down-on-royal-rule/|work=Washington Post|date=16 May 2017}}</ref>▼

* {{Kazakstan}}: [[Nursultan Nazarbajev|Nursultan Nazarbayevin]] alaisuudessa<ref name="Freedom House" />▼

* {{Laos}}: [[Laosin kansan vallankumouspuolue]]en valtakausi vuodesta 1975<ref name=":0">Beckert, Jen. "Communitarianism." International Encyclopedia of Economic Sociology. London: Routledge, 2006. 81.</ref>▼

* {{Pohjois-Korea}}: [[Korean työväenpuolue]]en alaisuudessa vuodesta 1947<ref>Daniel Byman, [http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/20208/pyongyangs_survival_strategy.html Pyongyang’s Survival Strategy: Tools of Authoritarian Control in North Korea], ''International Security'', Vol. 35, issue 1, pp. 44–74 (Summer 2010); Chico Harlan, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-authoritarian-north-korea-hints-of-reform/2012/09/03/bb5d95ce-f275-11e1-adc6-87dfa8eff430_story.html In authoritarian North Korea, hints of reform], ''Washington Post'', September 3, 2012.</ref>▼

* {{Qatar}}: [[Al-Thani]] dynastian alaisuudessa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/blog/dictators-continue-score-international-sporting-events|title=Dictators Continue to Score in International Sporting Events|last=|first=|date=|work=Freedom House|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>▼

* {{Venäjä}}: [[Vladimir Putin]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1999 <ref>Nikolay Petrov and Michael McFaul, [http://carnegieendowment.org/2005/10/18/essence-of-putin-s-managed-democracy/1ul9 The Essence of Putin's Managed Democracy] (October 18, 2005), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Tom Parfitt, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/11/russia-era-managed-democracy-mikhail-prokhorov Billionaire tycoon Mikhail Prokhorov who is running in the 4 March election says it is time for evolution not revolution] (January 11, 2012), ''Guardian''; Richard Denton, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_world/4756959.stm Russia's 'managed democracy'] (May 11, 2006), BBC News.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nations in Transit 2014 – Russia|url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2014/russia#.VDEX4Gc7uSq|website=Freedom House}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Myth of the Authoritarian Model – How Putin’s Crackdown Holds Russia Back|url=http://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Myth_of_the_Authoritarian_Model.pdf |website=The Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford}}</ref>▼

* {{Singapore}}: [[Lee Kuan Yew]]in alaisuudessa vuoteen 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Kuan Yew leaves a legacy of authoritarian pragmatism|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/23/lee-kuan-yews-legacy-of-authoritarian-pragmatism-will-serve-singapore-well|accessdate=5. toukokuuta 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=January 5, 2017 Fear, smear and the paradox of authoritarian politics in Singapore|url=http://www.theindependent.sg/fear-smear-and-the-paradox-of-authoritarian-politics-in-singapore/|accessdate=5. toukokuuta 2017}}</ref>▼

* {{Saudi-Arabia}}: Al-Saudi dynastian alaisuudessa vuodesta 1744<ref>Toby Craig Jones, ''Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia'' (2011), Harvard University Press, pp. 5, 14–15; Kira D. Baiasu, [http://groups.northwestern.edu/njia/?p=85 Sustaining Authoritarian Rule] Fall 2009, Volume 10, Issue 1 (September 30, 2009), ''Northwestern Journal of International Affairs''.</ref>▼

* {{Sudan}}: [[Omar al-Bashir]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1989 <ref name="Freedom House">{{cite book|author=Freedom House|title=Freedom in the World 2016: Anxious Dictators, Wavering Democracies: Global Freedom Under Pressure|year=2016|url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_FITW_Report_2016.pdf}}</ref>▼

* {{Syyria}}: [[Hafez Al-Assad|Hafez]] ja [[Bashar al-Assad]]i alaisuudessa vuodesta 1970 <ref>{{Cite book|last1=Heydemann|first1=Steven |last2=Leenders|first2=Reinoud |title=Middle East Authoritarianisms: Governance, Contestation, and Regime Resilience in Syria and Iran |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0804793339 |page=13}}</ref>▼

* {{Thaimaa}}: kenraali [[Prayut Chan-o-cha]] alaisuudessa vuodesta 2014<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cultural Rights as Collective Rights: An International Law Perspective|last=Jakubowski|first=Andrzej|publisher=Brill – Nijhoff|year=2016|isbn=978-9004312012|location=|page=196|quote=|via=}}</ref>▼

* {{Turkki}}: [[Recep Tayyip Erdogan]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 2003 <ref>Berk Esena & Sebnem Gumuscub, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732?journalCode=ctwq20 Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey], ''Third World Quarterly'' (February 19, 2016). {{doi|10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732}}; Ramazan Kılınç, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/ramazan-k-l-n/turkey-from-conservative-democracy-to-popular-authoritarianism Turkey: from conservative democracy to popular authoritarianism], openDemocracy (December 5, 2015).</ref>▼

* {{Turkmenistan}}: [[Saparmurat Nijazov]]in (valtakausi 1991–2006) ja [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 2006 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/turkmenistan|title=Turkmenistan|work=hrw.org|accessdate=4. syyskuuta 2016}}</ref>▼

* {{UAE}}: vuodesta 1972 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://newint.org/blog/2015/09/07/uae-human-rights|title=The dark side of the United Arab Emirates|date=7. syyskuuta 2015|website=newint.org|accessdate=22.lokakuuta 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703998|title=United Arab Emirates profile|date=29.elokuuta 2017|publisher=|accessdate=22. lokakuuta 2017|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>▼

* {{Uzbekistan}}: [[Islom Karimov]]in ( valtakausi 1989–2016)<ref>Neil J. Melvin, ''Uzbekistan: Transition to Authoritarianism on the Silk Road'' (Harwood Academic, 2000), pp. 28–30.</ref><ref>[Shahram Akbarzadeh, "Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Limits of Islam" in ''Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity'' (Oxford University Press, 2012: eds. Rainer Grote & Tilmann J. Röder), p. 428.</ref> ja [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 2016<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21732574-new-president-less-brutal-his-predecessor-no-democrat-uzbek-spring-has-sprung</ref>▼

* {{Venezuela}}: [[Hugo Chávez]]in ja [[Nicolás Maduro]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1999 <ref>Human Rights Watch, [https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/03/05/venezuela-chavez-s-authoritarian-legacy Venezuela: Chávez’s Authoritarian Legacy: Dramatic Concentration of Power and Open Disregard for Basic Human Rights], March 5, 2013; Kurt Weyland, [http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Weyland-24-3.pdf Latin America's Authoritarian Drift: The Threat from the Populist Left], ''Journal of Democracy'', Vol. 24, No. 3 (July 2013), pp. 18–32.</ref>▼

* {{Vietnam}}: [[Vietnamin kommunistinen puolue|Vietnamin kommunistisen puolueen]] valtakausi vuodesta 1976<ref>Thomas Fuller, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/24/world/asia/vietnam-clings-to-one-party-rule-as-dissent-rises-sharply.html?pagewanted=all In Hard Times, Open Dissent and Repression Rise in Vietnam] (April 23, 2013), ''New York Times''</ref>▼