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[[Image:Whitworthhall.jpg|thumb]]
'''Manchesterin yliopisto''' on suurin viidestä yliopistosta [[Manchester]]issa <ref>http://www.uta.fi/opiskelu/kv-asiat/tarinat/klk_2004_manchester_1.html</ref> sekä koko Isossa-Britanniassa. Yliopisto on osa [[Russell-ryhmä]]ä.
[[Image:Whitworthhall.jpg|thumb|200px]]
'''Manchesterin yliopisto''' on suurin viidestä yliopistosta [[Manchester]]issa <ref>http://www.uta.fi/opiskelu/kv-asiat/tarinat/klk_2004_manchester_1.html</ref> sekä koko Isossa-Britanniassa. Yliopisto on osa [[Russell-ryhmä]]ä.
==Kuuluisat henkilöt==
{{Käännettävä}}
{{Korjattava|Käännös keskeneräinen}}
Monet tiedemiehet ja taiteilijat ovat opiskelleet tai olleet töissä Manchesterin yliopistossa.<!-- Nobelistit (23) ovat tummennettuina. Listaan on koottu muutamia esimerkkejä.
===Kemia===
* '''[[Hans Bethe]]''' (awarded Nobel prize in 1967), for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars. Research staff and Temporary Lecturer 1932.
* '''[[George de Hevesy]]''' (awarded Nobel prize in 1943), for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes. Research Staff 1910–1913.
* Harold Aspden. B.Sc. 1945-1948. [[Electrical engineer]] and [[physicist]]. Predicted the proton-electron mass-ratio approximate value (slightly above 1836.152), ten years before it was experimentally measured in 1985.
* [[Sir Arthur Eddington]]. Graduated in 1902 and became a lecturer in 1905. Founder of modern Astronomy. He made important contributions to the general theory of relativity and led an expedition team to validate it.
* [[Hans Geiger]], Researcher 1906–1914. Did the original "Rutherford scattering" experiment with Marsden (also the Geiger-Marsden experiment). Devised the famous Geiger ionization counter.
* [[Douglas Hartree]]. Professor 1929–1946. Built and operated a [[differential analyser]] (a famous mechanical calculator) to evaluate the wave functions of multi-electron atoms.
* [[Sir John Lennard-Jones]], entered Manchester University where he changed his subject to mathematics in 1912. After First World War service in the Royal Flying Corps, he returned to Manchester as Lecturer in Mathematics, 1919–1922. Founder of modern theoretical chemistry. Lennard-Jones potential and LJ fluid are named after him.
* [[Sir Bernard Lovell]], Professor (1951–1990) and creator of the giant radio-telescope (the first large radio-telescope in the world with a diameter of 218 feet) at [[Jodrell Bank]] and pioneered the field of radio astronomy.
* [[Sir Ernest Marsden]] was born in Lancashire in 1888. He won scholarships to attend grammar school and gain entry to Manchester University. It was here he met Rutherford in his honours year. Rutherford suggested a project to investigate the backwards scattering of alpha particles from a metal foil. He did this in conjunction with Hans Geiger (of Geiger counter fame), and it proved to be the key experiment in the demise of the [[Plum pudding model]] of the atom leading directly to Rutherford's nuclear atom. Rutherford also recommended Marsden for the position of physics professor at what is now Victoria University in Wellington.
* [[Henry Moseley]], who identified [[atomic number]] as the nuclear charges. He studied under Rutherford and brilliantly developed the application of X-ray spectra to study atomic structure; his discoveries resulted in a more accurate positioning of elements in the Periodic Table by closer determination of atomic numbers . Moseley was nominated for the 1915 Nobel Prize but was unfortunately killed in action in August 1915 and could not receive the prize.
* [[John Henry Poynting]]. Student 1867–1872 (one of the very first students in the new Physical Laboratories). Lecturer 1876–1879. Left to become Professor at Mason College (which became Birmingham University). He wrote on electrical phenomena and radiation and is best known for [[Poynting vector|Poynting's vector]]. In 1891 he determined the mean density of the Earth and made a determination of the gravitational constant in 1893. The Poynting-Robertson effect was related to the theory of relativity.
* [[George Rochester]] discovered strange particles in 1947 with Clifford C Butler. C C Butler co-discovered strange particles in 1947. Went on to be head of department at Imperial College and then VC at Loughborough.
* [[Arthur Schuster|Sir Arthur Schuster]], Langworthy Professor of Physics (1888–1907), who made many contributions to optics and astronomy. Schuster's interests were wide-ranging: terrestrial magnetism, optics, solar physics, and the mathematical theory of periodicities. He introduced meteorology as a subject studied in British universities.
* [[Arnold Wolfendale|Sir Arnold Wolfendale]], BSc 1948 and PhD 1954 in cosmic rays. Lecturer 1953–1956. 14th Astronomer Royal.
===Fysiologia ja lääketiede===
* '''[[Archibald Vivian Hill]]''' (awarded Nobel prize in 1922), for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle. One of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research.
* '''[[Sir John Randall]]''' (awarded Nobel prize in 1962), for the determination of the structure of [[DNA]].
* [[Herchel Smith]], a researcher at the University of Manchester, developed an inexpensive way of producing chemicals that stop women ovulating during their monthly menstrual cycle in 1961.
=== Kansantalous ===
* '''[[Joseph E. Stiglitz]]''' (awarded Nobel prize in 2001), for his analyses of markets with asymmetric information. Former Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank, he is famous for his critical view of globalization and international institutions like the [[International Monetary Fund]] or the [[World Bank]]. Currently, Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz teaches at [[Columbia University]] and heads the Brooks World Poverty Institute (BWPI) at the University of Manchester.
* [[William Stanley Jevons]], father of [[neoclassical economics]], was appointed in 1854 to establish a Chair in Political Economy making Manchester one of the oldest centres for the study of economics in the United Kingdom.
* [[Jack Johnston]], founded and established the first Department of Econometrics in the 1960s.
=== Kirjallisuus===
* '''[[Anthony Burgess]]''', BA, English Literature, 1937-40. Writer and critic whose novels include the Malayan trilogy, ''[[A Clockwork Orange]]'', the Enderby cycle, ''[[Nothing Like The Sun]]'', ''[[Earthly Powers]]'' and ''[[The Kingdom Of The Wicked]]''. He produced acclaimed critical works on Joyce, Lawrence, Hemingway and Shakespeare, and studies of language and of pornography.
* [[Louis de Bernieres]], 1954-. Writer. Novels include The War of Don Emmanuel's Nether Parts (1990), Señor Vivo and the Coca Lord (1991), The Troublesome Offspring of Cardinal Guzman (1992), Captain Corelli's Mandolin (1994) (winner of the Commonwealth Writers Prize for best book) and Red Dog (2001).
* [[Alex Garland]], 1970-, BA, History of Art. Novelist and script-writer. Author of The Beach (1996), The Tesseract (1998) and The Coma (2004).
=== Historia ===
* [[Lewis Bernstein Namier]], Chair of the History Department 1931-1952.
* [[A. J. P. Taylor]], 1931-1938, was a renowned English historian of the 20th century. He was probably the best-known British historian of the century and certainly one of the most controversial.
===Matematiikka ja tietotekniikka===
* [[Alan Turing]], one of the founders of [[Computer Science]] and [[AI]]. The [[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]] Turing award is named after him, as is the University of Manchester's [[Alan Turing Institute]]. Also a pioneer of [[Mathematical Biology]].
* [[Tom Kilburn]] and [[Frederic Calland Williams|Freddie Williams]] invented the [[Williams-Kilburn Tube]] and the first modern electronic computer in the world, the [[Manchester Mark 1]].
* [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] who is best known for his work in philosophy undertook aeronautical research in Manchester. Needing to understand more mathematics for his research, he began a study which soon involved him in the foundations of mathematics.
* [[Paul Erdős]] was one of the most prolific mathematicians of the 20th century. The [[Euler]] of our time, he posed and solved many problems in [[number theory]] and other areas. He was a founder of the field of [[extremal combinatorics]], of major importance in [[theoretical computer science]]. He wrote 1,500 papers. In his early career, he held a post-doctoral fellowship at Manchester University and subsequently became an itinerant mathematician. Awarded the [[Cole Prize]] of the [[American Mathematical Society]].
* [[Frank Adams]] was a leading figure in [[algebraic topology]] and [[homotopy theory]]. He developed methods which led to important advances in calculating the [[homotopy groups of spheres]] (a problem which is still unsolved), including the invention of the [[Adams operations]].
* [[M. S. Bartlett]], professor of mathematical [[statistics]] from 1947 to 1960, made important contributions to the analysis of [[data]] with [[space|spatial]] and [[time|temporal]] patterns. He is also known for his work in the theory of [[statistical inference]] and in [[multivariate analysis]].
* [[Sydney Chapman (mathematician)|Sydney Chapman]] developed important theory on thermal diffusion in highly ionized gases, magnetic storms, instability along magnetic neutral lines, [[noctilucent cloud]]s and the fundamentals of gas dynamics.
* [[Harold Davenport]] worked in Manchester as a contemporary of Erdős and Mordell.
* [[Sydney Goldstein]] was one of the most influential theoretical fluid mechanicians in this century. He is best known for his work in [[boundary layer theory]] where the [[Goldstein singularity]] is named after him.
* [[Brian Hartley]] is best known for his work in group theory. His book ''Rings, Modules and Linear Algebra'' (written with T. O. Hawkes) is a widely used undergraduate text.
* [[James Lighthill]] was one of the most influential [[applied mathematician]]s of the 20th century. He made important contributions to the modern developments in theoretical [[aerodynamics]] and [[aeroacoustics]] ([[Lighthill's eighth power law]]) and was one of the founding fathers of the field of [[biofluiddynamics]]. He is also founder of [[Institute of Mathematics and its Applications|IMA]].
* [[John Edensor Littlewood|John Littlewood]] is famous for his work on the theory of series, the Riemann zeta function, inequalities and the theory of functions. He held a lectureship at the University of Manchester from 1907 to 1910.
* [[Kurt Mahler]] spent several periods of his academic life at Manchester. Major themes of his work were [[p-adic number]]s, p-adic [[diophantine approximation]], [[geometry of numbers]] and [[Mahler measure]]s.
* [[Edward Milne]] was a leading figure in the study of radiative equilibrium, the structure of stellar atmospheres, theory of relativity and the interior structure of stars. President of London Mathematics Society.
* [[Louis Mordell]] was a pure mathematician who made important contributions in number theory.
* [[Bernhard Neumann]] spent more than a decade in Manchester. He is one of the leading figures in [[group theory]].
* [[Hanna Neumann]], group theorist, later first female Professor of Mathematics in Australia.
* [[Max Newman]] made important contributions to [[combinatorial topology]], [[Boolean algebra]]s and [[mathematical logic]]. He directed the now-famous [[Colossus computer|Colossus]] [[cryptanalysis]] program in WWII.
* [[Osborne Reynolds]] is famous for his work in [[fluid mechanics]]. In 1886 he formulated a theory of [[lubrication]] (thus the Reynolds equation is named after him) and three years later he developed the standard mathematical framework used in the study of [[turbulence]] (Reynolds stress and Reynolds averaging are two of the many terms bearing his name). The [[Reynolds number]] used in modelling fluid flow is named after him. His students include [[J. J. Thomson]], who discovered the electron.
* [[Lewis Fry Richardson]] was a scientist who was the first to apply mathematics, in particular the method of [[finite differences]], to predicting the weather (the father of [[Computational fluid dynamics|CFD]]). He made contributions to calculus and to the theory of [[diffusion]], in particular [[eddy-diffusion]] in the atmosphere. The [[Richardson number]], a fundamental quantity involving gradients of temperature and wind velocity, is named after him.
* [[Horace Lamb|Sir Horace Lamb]] was one of the six professors appointed when Manchester University received its Royal Charter (his chair was in Mathematics, and Osborne Reynolds was given the Chair in Engineering). He made many important contributions to applied mathematics, including the areas of acoustics and fluid dynamics. His book ''Hydrodynamics'' (first published in 1895) was for many years the standard text on the subject and is still essential reading for researchers. Lamb's main field of research was [[solid mechanics]], and he made careful studies of the vibrations of spherical bodies which aided understanding in [[seismology]]. Research on waves in [[layered media]] led to the discovery of [[Lamb wave]]s.
===Politiikka===
* [[Margaret Beckett]], Member of Parliament and current [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs]]
* [[Joe Borg]], [[Malta|Maltese]] politician and [[European Commissioner for Fisheries and Maritime Affairs]]
* [[Den Dover]], Member of the European Parliament
* [[Beverley Hughes]], Member of Parliament
* [[Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson]], current [[President]] of [[Iceland]]
* [[Harold Lever]], Labour cabinet minister
* [[Tony Lloyd]], Member of Parliament
* [[Arlene McCarthy]], Member of Parliament
* [[Alfred Morris]], [[Labour Co-operative]] politician and disability campaigner
* [[Said Musa]], current [[Prime Minister]] of [[Belize]]
* Councillor [[David Sandiford]], Lord Mayor of Manchester
* [[George Maxwell Richards]], current [[President]] of [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
* [[Chaim Weizmann]], first [[President]] of [[Israel]]
* [[Kirsty Williams]], Member of the [[National Assembly for Wales]] for [[Brecon and Radnorshire]]
=== Talous===
* [[Tony Bickford]], Former Chairman, QAS
* [[Urban Splash|Tom Bloxham]] founder of influential regeneration firm [[Urban Splash]]
* [[Roger Crook]], Chief Executive Officer, DHL Latin America
* [[Don Cruickshank]], Chairman of SMG plc and former chairman, [[London Stock Exchange]]
* [[Keith Edelman]], Managing Director of [[Arsenal Football Club]]
* [[Rijkman Groenink]], Chairman of the Managing Board, [[ABN AMRO]]
* [[Robert H. Herz]], Chairman, US [[Financial Accounting Standards Board]]
* Sir [[Terry Leahy]], Chief Executive Officer of [[Tesco]], the largest British supermarket chain. He was chosen as Britain's "Business Leader of the Year" in 2003 and the Fortune European Businessman of the Year for 2003 and was selected as Britain's most admired business leader by Management Today in 2005
* [[Michael D. Parker]], Chief Executive Officer, [[BNFL]]
* [[Jurek Piasecki]], Chairman and Chief Executive, Goldsmith Group plc
* [[Brian Quinn]], Former Deputy Governor of the [[Bank of England]] and Chairman of [[Celtic F.C]] board
* [[James Ross]], Former Chairman, The Littlewoods Organisation
* [[Şevket Sabancı]] vice president of [[Sabancı Holding]]
* [[Paul Skinner]], Chairman, [[Rio Tinto Group|Rio Tinto]]
* [[Brenda Smith]], Group Managing Director of [[Ascent Media]] Group and Former Managing Director of [[Granada Television]]
* [[David Varney]], Executive Chairman, [[HM Revenue and Customs]]
=== Taiteet===
* [[Robert Bolt]], two times [[Academy Award]] winner and three times [[Golden Globe]] winner, screenwriter of [[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]], [[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]], [[A Man for All Seasons]] and [[The Mission (film)|The Mission]]
* [[Philip Bretherton]], actor
* [[Peter Maxwell Davies]], composer
* [[Adrian Edmondson]], actor
* [[Ben Elton]], comedian and writer
* [[Olivia Hallinan]] actress
* [[Rik Mayall]], actor
* '''[[Anthony Burgess]]''', BA, English Literature, 1937-40. Writer and critic whose novels include the Malayan trilogy, ''[[A Clockwork Orange]]'', the Enderby cycle, ''[[Nothing Like The Sun]]'', ''[[Earthly Powers]]'' and ''[[The Kingdom Of The Wicked]]''. He produced acclaimed critical works on Joyce, Lawrence, Hemingway and Shakespeare, and studies of language and of pornography.
* [[Paul McCreesh]], conductor
* [[Alex Garland]], 1970-, BA, History of Art. Novelist and script-writer. Author of The Beach (1996), The Tesseract (1998) and The Coma (2004).
* [[Ed Simmons]] and [[Tom Rowlands]], musicians, [[The Chemical Brothers]]
* [[Meera Syal]], actress and writer
* [[Louise wener|Louise Wener]], musician in the [[1990s]] [[Britpop]] band, [[Sleeper (band)|Sleeper]]
===Muut===
[[Image:Norman Foster dresden 061110.jpg|thumb|[[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank]] is one of the most famous architects]]
* [[Arthur Whitten Brown]], pioneer of flight. He was the navigator of the first successful non-stop transatlantic flight.
* Dame [[Alexandra Burslem]], former Vice-Chancellor of [[Manchester Metropolitan University]]
* [[Donald Coggan]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] 1974-1980, spiritual leader of the [[Church of England]]
* [[Anna Ford]], broadcaster
* [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank]], architect ([[Millenium Bridge]], [[Swiss Re Building]], HSBC Headquarters, (proposed) Tower 2 of [[World Trade Center]])
* [[Max Gluckman]], [[Rhodes Scholar]] who became Manchester's first chair of anthropology in 1949
* [[Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond]], First woman to to become a judge in the [[House of Lords]]
* [[Mark Kermode]], broadcaster and film critic
* Admiral Sir [[John Kerr (admiral)|John Kerr]], British admiral in the Royal Navy
* [[Irene Khan]], current [[Secretary General]] of [[Amnesty International]]
* Sir [[John Maddox]], Editor of [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] for 22 years
* [[Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree]], industrialist, sociologist and social reformer
* [[Peter Smith (judge)|The Hon. Mr Justice Peter Smith]], Judge of the High Court of Justice
* [[Alfred Waterhouse]], Architect
* [[Paul Waterhouse]], Architect
-->
== Lähteet ==
<references />
{{Tynkä/Yliopisto}}
[[Luokka:Englannin yliopistot]]
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