Ero sivun ”Autoritarismi” versioiden välillä

[arvioimaton versio][arvioimaton versio]
Poistettu sisältö Lisätty sisältö
Rivi 39:
* {{Burundi}}: [[Pierre Nkurunziza]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 2005<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/burundi|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Burundi Report}}</ref>
* {{Kambodža}}: [[Punaiset khmerit|Punaisten khmeri]]en ja [[Hun Sen]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1985<ref>{{cite news |author=Elisabeth Bumiller |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/17/world/asia/in-cambodia-panetta-reaffirms-ties-with-authoritarian-government.html |title=In Cambodia, Panetta Reaffirms Ties With Authoritarian Government |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=16.11. 2012 }}</ref>
* {{Kamerun}}: [[Paul Biya]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1982)<ref name="Freedom House" />
* {{Tšad}}: [[Idriss Deby]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1990<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/chad|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Chad Report}}</ref>
* {{Kiina}}: [[Kiinan kommunistinen puolue|Kiinan kommunistisen puolue]]en alaisuudessa vuodesta 1949) <ref>Ming Xia, [https://www.nytimes.com/ref/college/coll-china-politics.html China Rises Companion: Political Governance], ''The New York Times''. See also Cheng Li, [http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2012/09/shifting-power-china-lic The End of the CCP’s Resilient Authoritarianism? A Tripartite Assessment of Shifting Power in China] (September 2012), ''The China Quarterly'', Vol. 211; Perry Link and Joshua Kurlantzick, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124319304482150525 China's Modern Authoritarianism] (May 25, 2009), ''The Wall Street Journal''; Ariana Eunjung Cha</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=John |last2=Nagao |first2=Haruka |last3=Liu |first3=Hongyan |title=Voting and Values: Grassroots Elections in Rural and Urban China |journal=Politics and Governance |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=90 |doi=10.17645/pag.v6i2.1331 |url=https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/1331|year=2018 }}</ref>
* {{Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta}}: [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]n, [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila|Laurent-Désiré]] ja [[Joseph Kabila]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1965<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/congo-democratic-republic-kinshasa|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Democratic Republic of Congo Report}}</ref>
* {{Kongon tasavalta}}: [[Denis Sassou Nguesso]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1997<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/congo-republic-brazzaville|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Republic of Congo Report}}</ref>
Rivi 50:
* {{Etiopia}}: [[EPRDF]]:n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1991<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/ethiopia|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Ethiopia Report}}</ref>
* {{Gabon}}: [[Omar Bongo]] ja [[Ali Bongo Ondimba]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1967<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/gabon|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Gabon Report}}</ref>
* {{Unkari}}: [[Viktor Orbán]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 2010) <ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/02/05/hungary-and-poland-arent-democratic-theyre-authoritarian/</ref><ref>https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/04/the-re-election-of-hungarys-authoritarian-prime-minister-disproves-everything-we-thought-we-knew-about-democracy.html</ref><ref name=AtlanticHungaryAntisemitic>[https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/12/viktor-orban-and-anti-semitic-figyelo-cover/578158/ Viktor Orbán Is Exploiting Anti-Semitism]. Ira Forman, ''[[The Atlantic]]'', 14 December 2018</ref>
* {{Iran}}: [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]n ja [[Ali Khamenei]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1981<ref>Mehrdad Kia, [https://books.google.com/books? id=BaE3AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA75#v=onepage&q&f=false The Making of Modern Authoritarianism in Contemporary Iran], in ''Modern Middle East Authoritarianism: Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis'' (Routledge: 2013; eds. Noureddine Jebnoun, Mehrdad Kia & Mimi Kirk), pp. 75–76.</ref> <ref>Juan José Linz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8cYk_ABfMJIC&pg=PA36 Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes]'' (Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 36.</ref>
* {{Jordania}}: [[Abdullah II ]]:n alaisuudessa
Rivi 60:
* {{Oman}}: [[Qaboos bin Said al Said]]in alaisuudessa <ref>https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/oman</ref>
* {{Qatar}} [[Al-Thani]] suvun alaisuudessa<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/blog/dictators-continue-score-international-sporting-events|title=Dictators Continue to Score in International Sporting Events|last=|first=|date=|work=Freedom House|access-date=}}</ref>
* {{Venäjä}}: [[Vladimir Putin]] ja [[Dmitry Medvedev]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1999) <ref>Nikolay Petrov and Michael McFaul, [http://carnegieendowment.org/2005/10/18/essence-of-putin-s-managed-democracy/1ul9 The Essence of Putin's Managed Democracy] (October 18, 2005), Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Tom Parfitt, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/11/russia-era-managed-democracy-mikhail-prokhorov Billionaire tycoon Mikhail Prokhorov who is running in the 4 March election says it is time for evolution not revolution] (January 11, 2012), ''The Guardian''; Richard Denton, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_world/4756959.stm Russia's 'managed democracy'] (May 11, 2006), BBC News.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nations in Transit 2014 – Russia|url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2014/russia#.VDEX4Gc7uSq|website=Freedom House}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Myth of the Authoritarian Model – How Putin's Crackdown Holds Russia Back|url=http://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Myth_of_the_Authoritarian_Model.pdf|website=The Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford|access-date=2014-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101539/http://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Myth_of_the_Authoritarian_Model.pdf|archive-date=2014-10-06|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref>
* {{Ruanda}}: [[Paul Kagame]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 2000<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/rwanda|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Rwanda Report}}</ref>
* {{Serbia}}: [[Aleksandar Vučić]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36122928|title=Serbia election: Pro-EU Prime Minister Vucic claims victory |date=24 .4.2016|publisher=BBC|accessdate=12 .12.2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/09/opinion/a-serbian-election-erodes-democracy.html?referer=|title=A Serbian Election Erodes Democracy |date=9 .4.2017|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=12 .12.2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/03/09/how-aleksandar-vucic-became-europes-favorite-autocrat/|title=How Aleksandar Vucic Became Europe’s Favorite Autocrat |first=Aleks|last=Eror |date=9 .3.2018|publisher=Foreign Policy|accessdate=12 .12.2018}}</ref>
Rivi 66:
* {{Saudi-Arabia}}: [[Saudien hallitsijasuku|Saud-suvun]] alaisuudessa vuodesta 1744<ref>Toby Craig Jones, ''Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia'' (2011), Harvard University Press, pp. 5, 14–15; Kira D. Baiasu, Fall 2009, Volume 10, Issue 1 (September 30, 2009), ''Northwestern Journal of International Affairs''.</ref>
* {{Etelä-Sudan}}: [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 2011<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/south-sudan|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World South Sudan Report}}</ref>
* {{Sudan}}: [[Omar al-Bashir]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1989)<ref name="Freedom House">{{cite book|author=Freedom House|title=Freedom in the World 2016: Anxious Dictators, Wavering Democracies: Global Freedom Under Pressure|year=2016|url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/FH_FITW_Report_2016.pdf}}</ref>
* {{Syyria}}: [[Hafez Al-Assad|Hafez]] ja [[Bashar al-Assad]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1970<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Heydemann|first1=Steven |last2=Leenders|first2=Reinoud |title=Middle East Authoritarianisms: Governance, Contestation, and Regime Resilience in Syria and Iran |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0804793339 |page=13}}</ref>
* {{Tadžikistan}}: [[Emomali Rahmon]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1994<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/tajikistan|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Tajikistan Report}}</ref>
* {{Thaimaa}}: [[Prayut Chan-o-cha]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 2014<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cultural Rights as Collective Rights: An International Law Perspective|last=Jakubowski|first=Andrzej|publisher=Brill – Nijhoff|year=2016|isbn=978-9004312012|location=|page=196|quote=|via=}}</ref>
* {{Turkki}}: [[Recep Tayyip Erdogan]] alaisuudessa vuodesta 2003) <ref>Berk Esena & Sebnem Gumuscub, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732?journalCode=ctwq20 Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey], ''Third World Quarterly'' (February 19, 2016). </ref>
* {{Turkmenistan}}: [[Saparmurat Niyazov]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 1991–2006) ja [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]]in alaisuudessa vuodesta 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/turkmenistan|title=Turkmenistan|website=hrw.org|accessdate=4 .9.2016}}</ref>
* {{UAE}}: kuuden emiirikunnan hallitsija suvun alaisuudessa vuodesta 10. helmikuuta 1972<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newint.org/blog/2015/09/07/uae-human-rights|title=The dark side of the United Arab Emirates|date=7 .9.2015|website=newint.org|accessdate=22 .10.2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703998|title=United Arab Emirates profile|date=29 .8.2017|publisher=|accessdate=22 .10.2017|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref>
* {{Uganda}}: itsenäisyyden ajasta asti (1964<ref>{{cite news|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/uganda|accessdate=19 .4.2018|title=Freedom in the World Uganda Report}}</ref>
* {{Uzbekistan}}: [[Islom Karimov|Islam Karimov]]<nowiki/>ina alaisuudessa vuodesta 1989–2016<ref>Neil J. Melvin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BmF4AgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Uzbekistan: Transition to Authoritarianism on the Silk Road]'' (Harwood Academic, 2000), pp. 28–30.</ref><ref>Shahram Akbarzadeh, "Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Limits of Islam" in ''Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries: Between Upheaval and Continuity'' (Oxford University Press, 2012: eds. Rainer Grote & Tilmann J. Röder), p. 428.</ref> ja [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]] alaisuudessa vuodesta 2016-<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21732574-new-president-less-brutal-his-predecessor-no-democrat-uzbek-spring-has-sprung</ref>
* {{Venezuela}}: [[Hugo Chávez]]in ja [[Nicolás Maduro]]n alaisuudessa vuodesta 1999<ref>Human Rights Watch, [https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/03/05/venezuela-chavez-s-authoritarian-legacy Venezuela: Chávez’s Authoritarian Legacy: Dramatic Concentration of Power and Open Disregard for Basic Human Rights], March 5, 2013; Kurt Weyland, [http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Weyland-24-3.pdf Latin America's Authoritarian Drift: The Threat from the Populist Left], ''Journal of Democracy'', Vol. 24, No. 3 (July 2013), pp. 18–32.</ref>
* {{Vietnam}}: [[Vietnamin kommunistinen puolue|Vietnamin kommunistisen puolue]]<nowiki/>en alaisuudessa vuodesta 1976)
 
==Historiallisia esimerkkejä==